Can a Rattlesnake Swim?

Yes, rattlesnakes can swim, and they are actually pretty good at it. While they are not aquatic snakes by nature, rattlesnakes are capable swimmers that will readily enter water when they need to. If you spend time near lakes, rivers, or streams in rattlesnake territory, this is something worth knowing about.

How Rattlesnakes Swim

Rattlesnakes swim using the same lateral undulation movement they use on land. They move their body in an S shaped pattern, pushing against the water to propel themselves forward. Their entire body stays on or near the surface of the water, and they hold their head above the surface to breathe.

One thing that distinguishes rattlesnakes (and most venomous pit vipers in North America) from non venomous water snakes is how they swim. Rattlesnakes tend to float with their entire body visible on the water’s surface because their bodies are thicker and contain more air in their lungs relative to their size. Non venomous water snakes tend to swim with just their head above water and their body submerged. However, this is not a foolproof identification method, so always exercise caution around any snake in the water.

Why Rattlesnakes Enter Water

Rattlesnakes swim for several practical reasons. The most common is simply to get from one place to another. If a rattlesnake’s territory spans both sides of a creek or river, it will swim across without hesitation. They also swim to escape predators, to escape flooding during heavy rains, and occasionally to hunt prey near water sources.

During hot summer months, rattlesnakes may also seek out water to cool down and rehydrate. They can absorb water through their skin and will sometimes soak in shallow water to regulate their body temperature, much like many other snake species do.

Are Rattlesnakes Dangerous in Water

Yes, rattlesnakes are just as venomous in water as they are on land. They can and will bite if they feel threatened while swimming. However, rattlesnakes in water are generally trying to get somewhere and are not actively looking for confrontation. If you see a rattlesnake swimming, give it plenty of space and let it pass.

The good news is that rattlesnakes cannot strike effectively while swimming. Their striking ability requires a coiled, stable position, which they cannot achieve while floating. A swimming rattlesnake would need to reach land or a solid surface before it could coil and strike in its typical fashion. That said, a rattlesnake can still bite if you step on it in shallow water or try to handle it, so keep your distance.

Can Rattlesnakes Bite Underwater

Technically, a rattlesnake can open its mouth and bite underwater, but it is not their typical behavior. Rattlesnakes are not adapted for underwater hunting like true water snakes are. Their primary concern when in water is getting to dry land, not attacking anything they encounter.

That being said, if you accidentally corner or step on a rattlesnake in shallow water, it could absolutely bite you. The venom is just as potent whether the bite happens on land or in water, so treat any rattlesnake encounter near water with the same caution you would on dry ground.

Staying Safe Near Water in Rattlesnake Country

If you live or recreate in areas with rattlesnakes, keep these water safety tips in mind. Watch where you step when wading in creeks or shallow water, especially in rocky areas where snakes might rest. Be cautious around riverbanks and lake shores, particularly during warm months when snakes are most active. Keep your dogs on leash near water in rattlesnake habitat since dogs are curious and may approach a swimming snake. If you see a snake swimming, do not try to identify it up close. Give it space and let it go about its business.